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13.
A.B. Mandal, C. Deo,
A.V. Elangovan, D.P. Singh
and H.P. Shrivastava
Response of Laying
Naked Neck X Cari-Red (Hitcari) Hens to Varying Levels of Dietary
Protein and Amino Acids During First Phase of Egg Production
14.
B.K. Mathur and
S.R. Siyak
Utilization of
Unfertilized and Fertilized Dhaman (Cenchrus ciliaris) Grass by Marwari Sheep in Arid Region
15.
V.D. Joshi, S.M. Wankhede and V.H. Kalbande
Effect of
Feeding By-pass Protein with Urea Treated Wheat Straw on Performance
of Crossbred (Holstein Friesian X Deoni) Calves
16.
Simmi Tomar, S.V.S.
Verma, S.K. Bhanja and K. Dhama
Effect of
Genotype and Nutrition Interaction on Growth and Nutrient
Utilization by Naked Neck and Normally Feathered White Leghorn
Chicks
17.
N. Muthukumar, J. Rama
Prasad and Z. Prabhakara Rao
Evaluation of
Legume Tree Leaves and Groundnut Haulms in Sheep
18.
P.K. Singh, A.S. Bhat,
A.M. Ganai, T.K. Sarkar, H.M. Khan and R. Islam
Effect of
Substitution of Groundnut Cake with Mustard Cake on the Growth
Performance and Nutrients Utilization of Corriedale Lambs
19.
K.K. Singh, S.K.
Nag, M.R. Garg and A.B. Mojumdar
Mineral Status of
Some Commonly Used Feeds and Forages vis-a-vis their Requirements
20.
A.K. Samanta, K.K.
Singh, M.M. Das, G.H. Pailan,
N.C. Verma and Sonu Rai
Influence of Roughage
Source on Rumen Metabolites and Microbial Population with Special
Reference to Anaerobic Fungus in Cattle
21. A. DAS
Effect of
Nevaro (Ficus hookerii) Leaves Supplementation to Mixed Jungle Grass
on Feed Intake and Nutrient Utilization in
Sikkim Local Goats
22.
S. Saijpaul, R.S.
Grewal, Ravneet Kaur and P.K. Naik
Evaluation of Some
Potential Complete Rations Economic Milk Production in Crossbred
Cows
Short Communications
23.
P.C. Sakthivel,
A.D. Mercy and T.V. Viswanathan
Effect of Dried
Cuttle Fish Waste Silage on Growth Performance in Crossbred (Large
White Yorkshire x Desi) Pigs
24.
G. Vasudevan and T.V.
Viswanathan
Effect of Particle
Size of Yellow Maize on the Growth Performance of Cross bred
(Large White Yorkshire X Desi) Pigs
Go to Top
Response of
Laying Naked Neck X Cari-Red (Hitcari) Hens to Varying Levels of
Dietary Protein and Amino Acids During First Phase of Egg Production
A.B. Mandal, C. Deo,
A.V. Elangovan, D.P. Singh
and H.P. Shrivastava
Division of Nutrition
and Feed Technology
Central Avian Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India
(Received
April 08, 2003)
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted involving 84 Naked
neck x CARI-Red hens (Hitcari), suitable for backyard, during 22-34
weeks of age to evaluate optimum dietary protein and limiting amino
acid levels for optimum egg production performance. Four dietary
treatments, consisted of different levels of protein (T1 18%, T2
16%, T3 14% and T4 12%) and thus amino acids, were formulated. Each
dietary treatment was fed to a total of 21 hens of both feather
pattern i.e. naked neck (n=10) and normal feathered hens ((n=11) up
to 34 weeks of age. Fifteen eggs from each dietary groups laid on
first two consecutive days during 26th, 30th and 34th week of
experimental feeding were utilized for quality testing in respect of
shape index, albumen index, yolk index, Haugh unit, shell weight and
shell thickness. Overall hen-day production was 68.4, 64.9, 62.2 and
61.1% in dietary treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The
difference however was not significant even though hens laid more
eggs with increased level of CP in the diet. Daily feed intake,
egg-weight and egg quality did not differ significantly due to
dietary treatments. However, feed conversion efficiency was
significantly poor in hens fed 12% CP. The study indicated that a
dietary level of 14 to 16% CP with lysine 0.68-0.84%, methionine
0.32-0.34%, methionine +cystine 0.62-0.67% and threonine 0.58-0.68%
in diet would be optimum for maximum egg production performance
during first phase of production. Feather pattern (naked neck or
normal plumage) of birds did not influence egg production or feed
utilization.
Key words: Protein, Requirement, Layer, Naked neck, Egg quality,
Backyard, Poultry.
Utilization of
Unfertilized and Fertilized Dhaman (Cenchrus ciliaris) Grass by Marwari Sheep in Arid Region
B.K. Mathur and
S.R. Siyak
Division of Animal
Science and Forage Production
Central Arid Zone Research Institute
Jodhpur-342 003, India
(Received
April 04, 2003)
ABSTRACT
Twelve
healthy Marwari ram lambs of about six months age and comparative
mean body weight (23.67 kg) were divided in to 3 equal groups viz.
T1 (control, maintained on grazing), T2 (stallfed on unfertilized
Cenchrus ciliaris) and T3 (stallfed on fertilized C. ciliaris). The
T1 animals were sent out daily for 4 h grazing on natural (Cenchrus
dominated) pasture, whereas T2 and T3 animals were kept in sheep pan
in separate enclosures. Daily consumption of feed and water for both
T2 and T3 animals was recorded daily. The body weight of all animals
was recorded at weekly interval. During the first 5 weeks, the
treatment (T2 and T3) group animals were fed the un-chaffed grass
but subsequently switched over to chaffed C. ciliaris grass. The dry
matter intake (DMI)/100 kg BW of un-chaffed unfertilized and
fertilized grass (2.82±0.19 and 2.73±0.15 kg) was lower than chaffed
grass (3.04±0.09 and 3.13±0.11 kg). Water intake (l/100 kg body weight/day)
was high (6.46±0.22) in T3 as compared to T2 group (5.39±0.22) in
VIII week. The over all 91 days% increase in body weight and average
daily gain (ADG) for T1, T2 and T3 groups was 13.68, 14.49 and
14.15% and 55.23±3.16, 38.46±4.81 and 46.78±3.08 g, respectively.
The feed palatability and DMI was comparable in lambs fed both
unfertilized and fertilized C. ciliaris grass, whereas water intake
by animal fed on fertilized grass was on higher side. Body weight
gain of unfertilized and fertilized grass was comparable, however,
control group showed higher gain. There was no significant
difference in various blood parameters studied, however, T2 group
showed lower plasma urea values. Sheep reared on free grazing showed
higher average daily gain in comparison to those reared exclusively
under stall feeding with either fertilized or unfertilized C.
ciliaris grass.
Key words: Cenchrus ciliaris, Fertilization, Marwari sheep, Arid
region.
Research Paper
Effect of
Feeding By-pass Protein with Urea Treated Wheat Straw on Performance
of Crossbred (Holstein Friesian X Deoni) Calves
V.D. Joshi, S.M. Wankhede and V.H. Kalbande
Department of Animal Nutrition
College of Veterinary
& Animal Sciences
Parbhani - 431 402, India
(Received November 10,
2003)
ABSTRACT
An experiment was carried out to assess the
effect of feeding concentrate mixtures varying in by-pass protein
levels either with 4 per cent urea treated or untreated wheat straw
on performance of twelve crossbred (Holstein Friesian x Deoni)
calves (13.04±0.47 m; 130.4±2.3 kg) for a period of 90 days. Two iso-caloric
and iso-nitrogenous concentrate mixtures varying in RDP and UDP
ratio of 65:35 (CM-I) and 55:45 (CM-II) were prepared. The calves in
control group (C) were fed CM-I with ad-libitum untreated wheat
straw and those in experimental group (T) were fed CM-II with ad
libitum urea treated wheat straw. Average daily dry matter intake
(kg), including that through roughage (P<0.01) was significantly
(P<0.05) higher in group T as compared to group C. The average daily
gain (ADG) was significantly higher (P<0.01) in group T (627.8 g) as
compared to those in group C (388.2 g), accompanying a superior
(P<0.05) feed efficiency (8.52 vs. 11.37 kg DMI/kg gain). The cost
of ration per kg gain in body weight for calves in the two groups
was Rs. 24.85 and 18. 36 respectively, indicating a net saving of
Rs, 6.49 (25.91 per cent) per kg gain in body weight in T over C.
The digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, EE, CF and ADF
(P<0.01) and NDF (P<0.05) were significantly higher for experimental
ration T as compared to control ration C leading to better nutritive
value in the former in terms of DCP (10.1 vs 7.1%) and TDN (63.3 vs
52.9%). The blood urea nitrogen concentration estimated at different
intervals after feeding were significantly (P<0.01) lower in calves
fed experimental ration T as compared to control ration C, at all
intervals. Overall results indicated that in crossbred calves an
optimum growth can be achieved by feeding 4 per cent urea treated
wheat straw as a basal roughage supplemented with a concentrate
mixture containing 20 per cent CP and 45 per cent UDP/by pass
protein.
Key words : By-pass protein, Urea treated wheat straw, Crossbred
calves.
Effect of
Genotype and Nutrition Interaction on Growth and Nutrient
Utilization by Naked Neck and Normally Feathered White Leghorn
Chicks
Simmi Tomar, S.V.S.
Verma, S.K. Bhanja and K. Dhama
Division of Nutrition
and Feed Technology
Central Avian Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India
(Received
January 17, 2004)
ABSTRACT
A bioassay
was conducted with White Leghorn (WL) and naked neck (Na) chicks
from 0 to 8 week of age to examine the effect of genotype and
nutrition interaction. Six test diets combining two ME levels (10.88
or 11.71 MJ/kg) with three protein levels (160, 180 or 200 g/kg)
were formulated and the performance of chicks evaluated. The naked
neck chicks consumed significantly (P<0.05) more feed than the
normally feathered. Although the dietary protein levels had no
significant (P>0.05) effect on feed intake of birds but the energy
level exerted a highly significant effect. No significant difference
in body weight gains of the two genotypes during 0-4 wk was evident
but the naked neck birds gained significantly (P<0.01) more weight
during 5-8 week period than the normally feathered counter parts.
The efficiency of feed conversion was significantly (P<0.01)
affected by the genotype as well as by dietary protein and energy
level during 0-4 wk period only. Both the genotype and protein
levels had no significant effect on the digestibility of dietary
nutrients by chicks as examined during the 7th wk of feeding period.
The normally feathered birds retained significantly (P<0.05) more
nitrogen than the naked neck counter parts. Both the genotypes
absorbed more dietary fat from high rather than low energy diets. Ca
retention was not significantly affected by the genotype but tended
to be more on high-energy diets. The dietary protein level (P<0.05)
and not the genotype or energy level affected the utilization of
dietary P by birds.
Key words:
Naked neck chicks, Growth bioassay, Feed conversion efficiency,
Nutrient retention.
Evaluation of
Legume Tree Leaves and Groundnut Haulms in Sheep
N. Muthukumar, J. Rama
Prasad and Z. Prabhakara Rao
Department of Animal
Nutrition
College of Veterinary Science
Tirupati-517 502, India
(Received
February 16, 2004)
ABSTRACT
Gliricidia (Gliricidia maculata), subabul (Leucaena
leucocephala) and sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora) leaves and
groundnut (Arachis hypogea) haulms, fed as sole roughage, were
evaluated in terms of nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization
and degradation characteristics of DM and CP using permanently
cannulated adult rams. Among the tree leaves CP content (25.6%) was
highest in sesbania followed by subabul (19.8%), gliricidia (17.0%)
and groundnut haulms (11%). NFE content of legume sources ranged
from 45.2-53.5%. The results of metabolism trial with adult rams
(24.9±2.1 kg) revealed that the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF and
NFE was significantly (P<0.01) higher upon feeding of sesbania than
those fed with other legume resources. The digestibility (%) of NDF,
ADF and cellulose were also significantly higher in rams fed
sesbania as compared to those fed other legume. Nitrogen retention
(g/d) was significantly higher (P<0.01) in rams fed subabul and
sesbania than those fed groundnut haulms and gliricidia. Higher
effective dry matter degradability (EDDM) and effective protein
degradability (EPD) (%) values were observed for sesbania (61.6 and
52.4) as compared to gliricidia (52.2 and 41.4), subabul (51.7 and
40.2) and groundnut haulms (40.8 and 48.3). It was concluded that
subabul and sesbania leaves were better among the leguminous
resources evaluated.
Key words: Legume, Tree leaves, Groundnut haulms, Sheep
Effect of
Substitution of Groundnut Cake with Mustard Cake on the Growth
Performance and Nutrients Utilization of Corriedale Lambs
P.K. Singh, A.S. Bhat,
A.M. Ganai, T.K. Sarkar, H.M. Khan and R. Islam
Sheep Research Station
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology
(K)
Srinagar-190 006, India
(Received
March 19, 2004)
ABSTRACT
A
study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of replacement of
groundnut cake with mustard cake on the performance of growing
lambs. Twenty-four pure-bred Corriedale male lambs of 3-4 months of
age with an average body weight of 13.62±0.49 kg, were randomly
divided into four groups of six each. The dietary treatments
consisted of iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric concentrate mixtures in
which groundnut cake (GNC) was replaced at 0, 50, 75 and 100% levels
by mustard oil cake (MOC) and designated as G1, M1, M2 and M3
groups, respectively. The lambs were fed weighed quantity of
concentrate mixture and ad libitum chopped oat hay for 90 days.
Growth performance and dry matter intakes did not differ
significantly among the groups. The average daily gain (g) were
76.63, 75.95, 68.67 and 68.89 in G1, M1, M2 and M3 groups,
respectively. Cost of feeding (Rs/kg weight gain) reduced with
increasing level of mustard cake in the diet. Feed conversion ratio
was lowest (9.04) in 50% GNC group. The animals were in positive
nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance. Significantly (P<0.05)
higher nitrogen balance was observed in M1 in comparison to other
groups. It is concluded that groundnut cake may completely be
replaced by mustard oil cake without affecting the performance of
lambs and economizing the cost of feeding.
Key words : Groundnut cake, Mustard cake, Growth, Nutrient
utilization, Lambs
Mineral Status of
Some Commonly Used Feeds and Forages vis-a-vis their Requirements
K.K. Singh, S.K. Nag,
M.R. Garg and A.B. Mojumdar
Plant Animal
Relationship Division
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute
Jhansi-284 003, India
(Received July
05, 2004)
ABSTRACT
Mineral (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, cobalt, iron,
manganese, molybdenum and zinc) content of feeds and forages were
estimated in the Bundelkhand region of India and compared with the
requirements. The average calcium and magnesium content in both
leguminous and non-leguminous forages as well as in concentrate
ingredients were sufficient to meet the requirement. Nonleguminous
forages were moderate to poor source of phosphorus, whereas,
leguminous forages and concentrate supplements were good source of
phosphorus. Concentrate supplements were rich in copper, but most of
the forages were low in copper except sorghum stover, oats, S.
scabra, black gram straw, cowpea and berseem. Almost all feeds and
forages had adequate levels of cobalt, iron and manganese while most
of the forages were deficient in zinc. Most of the forages were low
in molybdenum except for concentrates which were high in Mo. From
the present study, it is apparent that zinc was inadequate in many
feeds and forages. Therefore, this particular element along with
phosphorus and copper should be supplemented in the diets of
animals.
Key words: Feeds, Forages,
Mineral status, Animal requirement
Go
to Top
Research
Paper
Influence of Roughage
Source on Rumen Metabolites and Microbial Population with Special
Reference to Anaerobic Fungus in Cattle
A.K. Samanta, K.K.
Singh, M.M. Das, G.H. Pailan,
N.C. Verma and Sonu Rai
Plant Animal
Relationship Division
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute
Jhansi-284 003, India
(Received July 12,
2004)
ABSTRACT
The present experiment was aimed to ascertain
the effect of roughage source on rumen metabolites and microbial
population with special emphasis on anaerobic fungus. Three adult
fistulated cattle (BW~400 kg) were maintained on three dietary
combinations in switch over design viz. T1: ad libitum feeding of
natural grass (predominantly Sehima nervosum and Heteropogon
contortus) hay, T2: ad libitum feeding of legume (Lablab purpureus)
hay and T3: grazing (8 hours/day) on natural pasture in the month of
November-December, respectively. In addition, concentrate was
offered @ 1% of the body weight in all dietary combinations. Out of
three basal roughage diets, obviously the quality of Lablab
purpureus hay was better as it contained 12.67% CP and low level of
NDF (51.69%). Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentration of
rumen liquor varied from 8.53 to 17.66 mmol/dl and reached to the
peak levels at 2 h of post feeding in legume based diet. The rumen
ammonia nitrogen concentration ranged from 5.64 to 15.09 mg/dl, with
the highest concentration recorded at 1 h of post feeding in the
legume based diet. The population of rumen bacteria attained peak
level at 2 h of post feeding irrespective of dietary combinations.
The rumen anaerobic fungal population ranged from 0.98 x 103 to 8.19
x 103 per ml, being highest at 1 h post feeding in all dietary
combinations, as was the case with ciliate protozoa population. The
anaerobic fungal isolate viz; isolate 5 belonged to Piromyces sp.,
while the isolate 9 belonged to Anaeromyces sp. Both the isolates
were able to secrete the enzymes (endoglucanase and xylanase) for
degradation of structural carbohydrates. The metabolic products of
anaerobic fungus included lactic acid, acetic acid, etc. The life
cycle of polycentric anaerobic fungus comprised of motile zoospore,
which gradually developed to matured sporangia through different
intermediate stages. It is concluded that the legume based diets
ensured better rumen metabolites for growth and multiplication of
rumen bacteria, protozoa as well as fungus than grass hay or grazing
on natural pasture. The rumen of cattle possessed both monocentric
and polycentric fungus capable to secrete endoglucanase and xylanase
for utilization of plant structural carbohydrates.
Key words:
Rumen metabolites, Anaerobic fungus, Life cycle, Roughage source
Effect of
Nevaro (Ficus hookerii) Leaves Supplementation to Mixed Jungle Grass
on Feed Intake and Nutrient Utilization in
Sikkim Local Goats
A. Das
ICAR Research Complex
for NEH Region
Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Gangtok-737 102, India
(Received August
18, 2004)
ABSTRACT
Four Sikkim local does (average body weight 19.1±2.44 kg) were
randomly distributed in an experiment based on Latin square design,
comprising of 4 animals, 4 treatments and 4 periods of 21 days each
of which 14 days was adaptation period and 7 d was collection
period. Four dietary treatments were mixed jungle grass fed ad
libitum (I), supplemented with 20 (II), 30 (III) or 40 (IV)% nevaro
leaves. Consumption of mixed jungle grass was not significantly
affected by increasing level of nevaro leaves supplementation. As a
result, total dry matter intake (DMI) increased significantly
(P<0.05) with increased level of nevaro supplementation.
Digestibility of DM (P<0.01), OM (P<0.01), CP (P<0.05), NDF
(P<0.01), ADF (P<0.05) and cellulose (P<0.01) increased only up to
20% level of supplementation. Nitrogen intake (P<0.05), outgo in
faeces (P<0.01) and urine (P<0.01) increased linearly with
increasing level of nevaro supplementation. Since the increase in
outgo was lower than the increase in intake, N balance increased
linearly (P<0.01) with increasing level of supplementation. The net
impact of increased intake and digestion was a linear increase in
intake of DOM (P<0.01) and DCP (P<0.01) with increased levels of
dietary nevaro leaves. It was concluded that nevaro leaves
supplementation up to 40% level increased intake of DCP and DOM in
Sikkim local goats fed mixed jungle grass.
Key words: Ficus hookerii, Mixed grass, Goat, Supplementation,
Intake, Digestion.
Research Paper
Evaluation of Some
Potential Complete Rations Economic Milk Production in Crossbred
Cows
S. Saijpaul, R.S.
Grewal, Ravneet Kaur and P.K. Naik
Department of Animal
Nutrition
Punjab Agricultural University
Ludhiana-141 004, India
(Received
September 19, 2004)
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted to evaluate some
potential complete rations based on locally available feed
ingredients and seasonal fodders for nutrient utilization and
economic milk production in crossbred lactating cows. Four complete
rations (CR1, CR2, CR3 and CR4) were prepared using concentrate
mixture, berseem green, berseem hay, wheat straw and urea fermented
wheat straw. The roughage: concentrate ratio in CR1, CR2 and CR3 was
50:50 where as it was 40:60 in CR4. Twenty high yielding crossbred
cows of the university dairy farm were randomly divided into four
groups of five animals in each group on the basis of their body
weight and milk yield and were offered the four complete rations
randomly for a period of 90 days. The CP of the treatment complete
rations i.e. CR2, CR3 and CR4 ranged between 15-16%. The voluntary
dry matter intake (DMI) of the animals in all the groups ranged
between 15-20 kg/animal/day. The DMI of animals fed CR3 was
significantly (P<0.05) higher than the animals fed other complete
rations indicating the positive effect of the inclusion of the green
fodder without any dry roughage. The digestibilities of DM, OM, CF
and NFE were significantly (P< 0.05) higher in CR3 in comparison to
CR2 and CR4 but were comparable to the control (CR1). The total milk
yield (18.63±0.81 to 20.80±0.95, l/day), FCM yield (18.21±1.15 to
20.99±1.30, l/day), SNF (8.39±0.01 to 8.48±0.03,%) and fat
(3.87±0.04 to 4.14±0.13,%) contents were statistically comparable
among the groups. The total cost of milk produced per day was also
statistically comparable among the groups. The mean value of the
profit earned (Rs) / animal/ day in CR3 (152.86±4.87) group was
significantly (P<0.05) higher than CR2 (127.87±3.65) and CR4
(135.07±5.06) groups. The complete ration based on mixture of legume
and non-legume fodder was more palatable and was better utilized
than the complete rations containing either leguminous or
non-leguminous fodder.
Key words: Complete ration, Seasonal fodder,
Digestibility, Lactation, Economics.
Short
Communication
Effect of
Dried Cuttle Fish Waste Silage on Growth Performance in Crossbred
(Large White Yorkshire x Desi) Pigs
P.C. Sakthivel,
A.D. Mercy and T.V. Viswanathan
Department of Animal
Nutrition
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Mannuthy, Thrissur 680 651, India
(Received June 09, 2004)
ABSTRACT
An
investigation was carried out to study the effect of dried cuttle
fish waste silage in the rations of growing and finishing pigs on
growth performance and economics of gain. Dried cuttle fish waste
silage was used to replace dried fish on protein basis at 0, 50 and
100 per cent, in isocaloric and isonitrogenic grower and finisher
rations as dietary treatment T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Average
daily gain and feed efficiency (kg feed/kg weight gain) of pigs were
370.31±13.59, 353.15±18.50 and 364.90±15.99 g and 4.16±0.16,
4.28±0.15 and 4.26±0.13 for dietary treatments T1, T2 and T3,
respectively, and they did not differ significantly between dietary
treatments. The cost of feed per kg live weight gain was Rs.
35.15±1.36, 34.40±1.21 and 32.25±1.03 for treatments T1, T2 and T3,
respectively. It could be concluded that dried cuttle fish waste
silage can be used as an economical substitute for dried fish in the
rations of growing and finishing pigs.
Key words: Crossbred
pigs, Dried cuttle fish waste silage, Growth performance, Economics
Go to Top
Short
Communication
Effect of Particle
Size of Yellow Maize on the Growth Performance of Cross bred
(Large White Yorkshire X Desi) Pigs
G. Vasudevan and T.V.
Viswanathan
Department of Animal
Nutrition
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala-680 651, India
(Received May 30,
2003)
ABSTRACT
Twenty four female, weaned crossbred (Large
White Yorkshire X Desi) piglings with an average live weight of
14.5 kg were divided uniformly on the basis of age and body weight
into three groups (T1, T2 and T3) of eight animals. They were
maintained for 153 days on identical diets containing maize with
the particle size of 3.0, 1.0 and <0.1mm, respectively, for the
three groups. The piglings were fed grower ration until they
attained an average body weight of 50 kg and thereafter switched
over to the finisher ration till slaughter. Body weight and body
measurements were recorded monthly. The average daily gains of
317, 335 and 373 g were recorded for the groups T1, T2 and T3,
respectively. The cumulative feed conversion ratios were 5.38,
5.08 and 4.57 for the groups T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Finely
ground maize (<0.1 mm) improved average daily gain and feed
conversion efficiency by 6 percent each over medium ground maize
(1.0 mm) and by 18 percent and 15 percent over coarsely ground
maize (3.0 mm), respectively. Cost of feed per kg live weight of
animals in the three groups T1, T2 and T3 were Rs. 42.34, 40.49
and 37.11, respectively.
Key words:Crossbred pig, Yellow maize, Particle size, Feed
conversion efficiency, Economics.
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